MODERN VIEW OF ACNE VULGARIS (ACNE)

-

 Now in this world every adult faces the problem which is ACNE  . let we see what are the modern aspesct of acne like factors causing acne, pathophysiology, stages ,treatments... come on let we go inside it 

It will affect

85% Younger than 24 age 

15%  younger 35 age

3% older than 35 ( women)

ACNE

a skin condition characterized by red pimples on the skin, especially on the face, due to inflamed or infected sebaceous glands and prevalent chiefly among adolescents.

FACTORS AFFECTING ACNE

  1. Harmones
  2. genetics
  3. puberty
  4. diet (chocolate,lipids, milk)
  5. bacteria

BACTERIA WHICH CAUSES ACNE

  1. Propionibacterium 
  2. cutibacterium

VITAL DIGNOSTIC POINTS

  1. Mainly seen over face, chest, back
  2. black heads with papules , pustules
  3. in severe cases cysts, scars 

ACNE 

Acne is non inflammatory or inflammatory depends on what stage of acne 

  • Initial phase this pimple is in non inflammatory form but when it pops out their small inflammatory reaction takes place

 SKIN

skin consist of dermis,epidermis,sebaceous gland ,This sebeceous gland secrete sebum which protect lubricate hair and skin

PATHOLOGY OF ACNE

  • There can be hypertrophy(Hypertrophy: Enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body due to the increased size of the constituent cells)of sebaceous gland .which cause over production of sebum .this hypertrophy is caused by particular harmone particularly ANDROGEN such as TESTOSTERONE.
  • Hyper keratinization (Hyperkeratinization  is a disorder of the cells lining the inside of a hair follicle.  This excess of keratin, which is influenced by genetics, results in an increased adherence/bonding of dead skin cells together.) of epithelial cells in epidermis which will lead to the obstruction of sebaceous follicle so sebum will accumulate in this area which cause comedo

COMEDO

 comedo consist of pimples, contain oil sebum, kerartinized cells,together bacteria , fatty acids( p.acne feed on triglycerides in sebum which catalyst fatty acid which produce lot of sebum)

TYPES OF COMEDO

  1. White heads 
  2. Black heads

BLACK HEADS

Blackheads are small bumps that appear on your skin due to clogged hair follicles. These bumps are called blackheads because the surface looks dark or black. Blackheads are a mild type of acne that usually form on the face

Open comedo form black head because their is direct exposure of oxygen

WHITE HEADS

Whiteheads are small, white, raised bumps on the skin. They form when oil and skin collect in the pores. Whiteheads are also known as closed comedones and pimples. They occur with acne, often on the face, chest and back

COMEDONES (FINAL STAGE)

Comedons will rupture and cause inflammation and causes scarring happen . while rupturing the sebum in it will spill ot everywhere in skin and triggers inflammation.

STAGES OF ACNE

  1. COMEDONS
  2. PAPULES ( small pimple or swelling on the skin, often forming part of a rash)
  3. Pustules(a small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus)
  4. Nodules(A nodule is a growth of abnormal tissue. Nodules can develop just below the skin. They can also develop in deeper skin tissues or internal organs. general term to describe any lump underneath the skin that's at least 1 centimeter in size.)
  5. cysts(Cysts are closed capsule or sac-like structures, typically filled with a liquid, semisolid, or gaseous material, much like a blister. Cysts vary in size from microscopic to very large. Very large cysts can displace internal organs. The majority are benign, but some cysts can be cancerous or precancerous.)

TREATMENT FOR ACNE 

3 GROUPS

  1. Retinoids
  2. antimicrobial
  3. harmonal therapy

RETINOIDS

Derived from vitamin a

MAIN TARGET

Suprabasal keratinocytes (epidermal cell)

 EXAMPLE

EXTERNAL APPLICATION

  1. Tretinoin
  2. adpelene 
  3. Tazarotene
SIDE EFFECT

  1. Skin dryness
  2. irritation
  3. redness
  4. swelling
  5. blistering
  6. sensitivity to light

ORAL RETINOID

  1. Isotretinoin( inhibits proliferation  and differentation of sebum producing cells which cause shrinkage of sebaceous gland,decrease sebum production, reduce colanization with p.acnes)

SIDE EFFECTS

  1. Cause birth defect should avoided in pregnancy
  2. mood changes
  3. gastrointestinal disorder

ANTI MICROBIALS

MAIN TARGET

Inhibits growth of susceptible acne
It target p.acne

EXAMPLE

  1. TRIMETHOPRIM
  2. SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
  3. MINOCYCLINE
  4. ERYTHROMYCIN
  5. AZITHROMYCIN
  6. CLINDAMYCIN
  7. DOXYCYCLIN
  8. SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

SIDE EFFECT

ORALLY:

  1. Nausea
  2. vomiting
  3. diarrhea

EXTERNALLY

  1. DRYNESS 
  2. REDNESS
  3. ITCHING
Overuse of antibiotic can promote the growth of bacteria

BENZOYL PEROXIDE

Release oxygen radicles to the pores

SIDE EFFECT:

  1. Dryness
  2. Redness
  3. Itching
  4. Burning sensation

HORMONAL THERAPY

MAIN TARGET:

  • Regulate androgen
  • sebocyte

EXAMPLE

  1. Spironolactone is used to block androgen receptors with sebocytes

CHEMICAL PEELS

chemical peel is a procedure in which a chemical solution is applied to the skin to remove the top layers. The skin that grows back is smoother

1.Glycolic acid peels
2.salycylic acid peels
3. mandelic acid peels

LASER

Medical lasers are medical devices that use precisely focused light sources to treat or remove tissues. The term “laser” stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Ordinary light, such as that from a light bulb, has many wavelengths and spreads in all directions.
IT DECREASES SEBUM,ACNES,KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM.

NOTE:

ABOVE SAID MEDICATION SHOULD BE TAKEN UNDER STRICT GUIDANCE OF  MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS.

DO VISIT :https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3650608911479885180/2110874178883469674


 





Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

ENDOMETRIOSIS

-
  ENDOMETRIOSIS -Subha . R Endometrium tissue goes outside the uterine lining and starts growing there Causes ·        Retrograde menstruation -menstrual blood shed out flow back through the fallopian tube and into the pelvic cavity ·        Endometrial cell transport – tissue transported through blood ·        Direct transplantation -it is after surgery ·        Transformation peritoneal cells ·        Embryonic cell transformation – oestrogen may transfer embryonic cell – cell in the earliest stage of development Spread —pt with 20 yrs nose bleed during every menstrual cycle took the tissue bleed .. endometrial tissues their in nose,Around on the pelvic organ,Ft, Ligament , Lining of the pelvic , Bladder ,Cervix, intestine , Rectum , Stomach , Vagina Ovarian endometrioma ( chocolate cyst ).Ovary start to proliferate .It builds up over there and form as cyst .It is very large cyst Sign ·        Dysmenorrhea – pelvic pain before and extend several days into a menstrual p
Read more

Get out from grief

-
" Stop using your energy to worry. use your energy to believe, create, love, grow, glow, manifest and heal"  hello all subha here... how are you? my dear readers .., some of us all faced lots of mental disturbing problems right ..this past may doom the future . it affect the present living life . recovering from a significant emotional loss is not an easy task. taking the action that lead to recovery will require your attention, open mindedness , willingness, courage.  Grief definition Grief is the normal and natural reaction to significant emotional loss of any kind. Grief is the conflicting feeling caused by the end of or change in a familiar pattern of behavior. Grief is the feeling of reaching out for someone who has always been there , only to find when you need them again, they are no longer there. Grief is individual and unique . there are no stages. grief can not be neatly categorized. Typical responses associated with grief Reduced concentration A sense of numbness D
Read more

Ayurveda - lifestyle

-
  what is ayurveda? The ancient indian system of health and medicine. ayurveda medicine have different aspects like spiritual , holistic, preventive health care , curative aspect , health promotion lets we talk about Healthy daily routine    the healthy routine is a very important for healthy life . the rhythm in which the body works, differs throughout the day and in different seasons. if you set up a perfect body and mind rhythm, the hormones and enzymes of the body will also be released at proper times. this way there will be less chance of body to get afflicted with disease. healthy daily routines are  waking up in brahma muhutra (7-8 hours of sleep) have sip of water  brushing  massaging the body  some general exercises bath  morning reading  having light food  there are some adharaneeya vegas ( those vegas should not be controlled )  Body produce natural products that need to  be thrown out at correct time. whenever there is a natural urge ( flatus, urine , faeces, cough, sneeze,
Read more